Creating forms in React with React Hook Form

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Introduction

React Hook Form is a lightweight and efficient library for managing forms in React applications. It simplifies form handling by reducing re-renders and offering built-in validation, making forms more performant and easier to manage. The library integrates well with existing React components and libraries, providing a streamlined experience without the need for heavy dependencies or complex state management. Its intuitive API makes it easy to adopt, especially for projects where performance and simplicity are key.

Prerequisites
  • Node.js and npm
  • React
  • Typescript
  • React Hook Form
What is React Hook Form & Why?

React Hook Form is a library designed to make form handling in React applications simpler and more efficient. It leverages React’s hooks API to manage form state, validation, and submission in a way that is lightweight and easy to integrate. The library aims to provide a seamless and performant experience for developers working with forms in React.

Advantages of Using React Hook Form
  1. Improved Performance
    • React Hook Form minimizes unnecessary re-renders, which enhances the performance of your forms, especially in complex and large forms.
  2. Simplified Form Management
    • With React Hook Form, managing form state becomes more straightforward. The library abstracts away many of the complexities involved in handling form data, making it easier to manage inputs, errors, and submissions.
  3. Flexibility
    • The library is highly flexible and allows you to use any HTML input elements. It doesn’t force you into a specific pattern or component structure, giving you the freedom to design your form as you see fit.
  1. Enhanced Developer Experience
    • React Hook Form reduces the amount of code needed to build forms, making the developer experience more pleasant. The library’s API is intuitive, and its documentation is thorough, which helps developers get up to speed quickly.
  2. Reduced Bundle Size
    • Compared to other popular form libraries like Formik or Redux Form, React Hook Form has a smaller bundle size, which can lead to faster load times and better overall application performance.
  3. Integration with Existing Tools
    • React Hook Form integrates well with existing form validation libraries like Yup, as well as state management tools, making it a versatile choice for any project.
Features of React Hook Form

Hooks

  1. useForm Hook
    • Description : This is the primary hook provided by React Hook Form. It initializes form handling and returns various methods and objects to manage form state and behavior.
    • Returns : Methods like register, handleSubmit, watch, reset, setValue, and the formState object.
    • Syntax : const { control, handleSubmit, register, formState: { errors } } = useForm<FormValues>()
  2. useFieldArray Hook
    • Description : This hook manages dynamic fields or arrays of fields in forms.
    • Returns : Methods to handle adding, removing, and manipulating field arrays.
    • Syntax : const { fields, append, remove } = useFieldArray({ control, name: ‘dynamicFields’})
  3. useWatch Hook
    • Description : This hook allows you to watch and react to changes in form field values.
    • Returns : The current values of the watched fields.
    • Syntax : const watchedValue = useWatch({ name: ‘username’, control })
Methods and Objects
  1. register Method
    • Description : Registers an input field into the form, enabling it for tracking and validation.
    • Usage : Applied to form fields to capture their values and handle validation.
    • Syntax : <input {…register(‘username’, { required: ‘Username is required’ })} />
  2. handleSubmit Method
    • Description : Wraps your form submission handler, performing validation before invoking the handler.
    • Usage : Used in the onSubmit event of the form element.
    • Syntax : const onSubmit: SubmitHandler<FormValues> = (data) => console.log(data)
       <form onSubmit={handleSubmit(onSubmit)} />
  3. formState Object
    • Description : Contains the state of the form, including information about validation errors, submission status, and whether the form is dirty or valid.
    • Usage : Provides insights into the form’s current status and validation results.
    • Syntax : const { errors, isSubmitting } = formState
  4. Controller Component
    • Description : A component used to wrap controlled components, making them compatible with React Hook Form.
    • Usage : Used to integrate third-party or custom input components with React Hook Form.
    • Syntax : <Controller name=”email” control={control} render={({ field }) => <input {…field}  />} />
  5. control Object
    • Description : An object returned by useForm and used with Controller to manage controlled components.
    • Usage : Passed to the Controller component to link it to the form state.
    • Syntax : const { control } = useForm<FormValues>()
  6. watch Method
    • Description : Monitors changes to specific form fields or the entire form.
    • Usage : Retrieves the current values of watched fields and allows dynamic responses to field changes.
    • Syntax : const username = watch(‘username’)
  7. reset Method
    • Description : Resets the form values to their default state or to specified values.
    • Usage : Clears the form or sets it back to its initial state.
    • Syntax : reset({ username: ”, email: ” })
  8. setValue Method
    • Description : Sets the value of a specific form field programmatically.
    • Usage : Updates field values based on external factors or user interactions.
    • Syntax : setValue(‘username’, ‘NewValue’)
  9. getValues Method
    • Description : Retrieves the current values of all or specific form fields.
    • Usage : Accesses form data without triggering a re-render.
    • Syntax : const values = getValues()
Simplified Form Management : Unlocking the Efficiency of React Hook Form

This application showcases a practical signup form that highlights the ease and efficiency of managing forms using React Hook Form in a React TypeScript environment. The application features a clean, user-friendly signup form with fields for essential user details, including username, email, country, and a tag, along with a checkbox for agreeing to terms.

Built with React and leveraging React Hook Form’s powerful yet minimalist API, the app demonstrates how to handle form state, manage validations, and process user input effectively. By using React Hook Form, the application simplifies form management, making it more intuitive and less cumbersome.

folder-structure
Navigating the Frontend Setup In React

Let’s focus on implementing a signup form using React with TypeScript and React Hook Form. We’ll build an intuitive and user-friendly signup interface, leveraging React Hook Form to manage form state and validation with ease. This guide will demonstrate how to streamline form handling, ensuring a seamless user experience with minimal complexity.

Initializing React Application : To create a React application, you need to start by creating a project folder in your root directory.

				
					//Create react app using the following command
npx create-react-app react-hook-form --template typescript

//Install the required library
npm i react-hook-form
  • Proceed with the following steps to create the Signup form. In the project react-hook-form folder, locate the App.tsx file which serves as the entry point for the project.

1) Create a separate folder named SignupForm for the components where you will create the necessary components.

2) Inside that folder, create two files: SignupForm.tsx and SignupForm.css.

  1. SignupForm.tsx : This file will contain the React component for the signup form. It will handle the structure, logic, and behavior of the form, including input fields, validation, and event handling.
  2. SignupForm.css : This file will contain the styling rules for the SignupForm component.

3) In this app, raw css is used for styling. Design the user interface according to your preference using raw CSS or any library of your choice.

				
					// App.tsx

// Necessary Imports

function App() { return (<div className = "App"><SignupForm /></ div>); }

export default App;
  • In the App component, we are rendering the SignupForm component, which is a part of our application’s UI for handling user signup.
				
					//SignupForm.tsx

import { useForm, Controller, SubmitHandler } from 'react-hook-form';

type FormValues = {
  username: string;
  email: string;
  agreeToTerms: boolean;
  country: string;
  tags: string;
};

const SignupForm: React.FC = () => {
  const { control, handleSubmit, setError, formState: { errors, isSubmitting } } = useForm<FormValues>({
    defaultValues: {
      username: '',
      email: '',
      agreeToTerms: false,
      country: '',
      tags: ''
    }
  });

  const validate = (data: FormValues) => {
    const errors: { [key in keyof FormValues]?: string } = {};
  
    if (!data.username || data.username.length < 3) {
      errors.username = 'Username is required and must be at least 3 characters long';
    }
    if (!data.email || !/^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/.test(data.email)) {
      errors.email = 'Invalid email address';
    }
    if (!data.agreeToTerms) {
      errors.agreeToTerms = 'You must agree to the terms and conditions';
    }
    if (!data.country) {
      errors.country = 'Country is required';
    }
    if (!data.tags.trim()) {
      errors.tags = 'Tag is required';
    }
  
    return errors;
  };

  const onSubmit: SubmitHandler<FormValues> = (data) => {
    const validationErrors = validate(data);
    if (Object.keys(validationErrors).length > 0) {
      Object.keys(validationErrors).forEach(key => {
        setError(key as keyof FormValues, {
          type: 'manual',
          message: validationErrors[key as keyof FormValues],
        });
      });
    } else {
      console.log(data);
    }
  };

  return (
    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit(onSubmit)} noValidate className="my-form">
      <div className="form-group">
        <label htmlFor="username" className="label">Username</label>
        <Controller
          name="username"
          control={control}
          render={({ field }) => <input id="username" {...field} className="form-control" />}
        />
        {errors.username && <p className="error-message">{errors.username.message}</p>}
      </div>

      <div className="form-group">
        <label htmlFor="email" className="label">Email</label>
        <Controller
          name="email"
          control={control}
          render={({ field }) => <input type="email" id="email" {...field} className="form-control" />}
        />
        {errors.email && <p className="error-message">{errors.email.message}</p>}
      </div>

      <div className="form-group">
        <label htmlFor="country" className="label">Country</label>
        <Controller
          name="country"
          control={control}
          render={({ field }) => (
            <select id="country" {...field} className="form-control">
              <option value="">Select a country</option>
              <option value="USA">USA</option>
              <option value="Canada">Canada</option>
              <option value="UK">UK</option>
            </select>
          )}
        />
        {errors.country && <p className="error-message">{errors.country.message}</p>}
      </div>

      <div className="form-group">
        <label htmlFor="tags" className="label">Tag</label>
        <Controller
          name="tags"
          control={control}
          render={({ field }) => <input id="tags" {...field} className="form-control" />}
        />
        {errors.tags && <p className="error-message">{errors.tags.message}</p>}
      </div>

      <div className="form-group">
        <Controller
          name="agreeToTerms"
          control={control}
          render={({ field }) => (
            <div className="checkbox-group">
              <input
                type="checkbox"
                id="agreeToTerms"
                checked={field.value}
                onChange={field.onChange}
                className="form-checkbox"
              />
              <label htmlFor="agreeToTerms" className='checkbox-label'>I agree to the terms and conditions</label>
            </div>
          )}
        />
        {errors.agreeToTerms && <p className="error-message">{errors.agreeToTerms.message}</p>}
      </div>

      <button type="submit" disabled={isSubmitting} className="submit-button">Submit</button>
    </form>
  );
};

export default SignupForm;

This SignupForm component is a React functional component that utilizes React Hook Form for form handling. Here’s a breakdown of its components and how they work:

Key Imports
  • useForm : Manages form state, validation, and submission.
  • Controller : Connects controlled inputs with the form state.
  • SubmitHandler : Defines the type for the submit function.
Form Initialization
  • useForm Hook
    • Sets up the form, manages state, and handles validation/submission.
    • Accepts defaultValues to initialize form fields.
    • Provides methods like control, handleSubmit, and formState.
Validation
  • Custom Validation
    • Validates fields based on custom rules.
    • Returns errors which can be set using setError.
Form Submission
  • handleSubmit Function
    • Ensures validation occurs before submission.
    • Wraps the submit function, triggering validation first.
    • If validation passes, submit the form data for processing.
Form Rendering
  • Form Structure
    • <form> element uses handleSubmit for submission.
    • <Controller> manages each input, connecting it to the form state.
    • Handles different input types like text, dropdown, and checkbox.
    • Displays validation errors next to inputs.
Submit Button
  • Button
    • Triggers form submission.
    • Disabled while the form is being submitted.
Output
output-1
output-2
Conclusion

React Hook Form simplifies form handling in React applications by leveraging hooks to manage form state, validation, and submission with minimal re-renders. Its intuitive API makes it easy to integrate with existing components and validation libraries, reducing boilerplate code and enhancing performance. By providing a streamlined approach to form management, React Hook Form helps developers build efficient, maintainable forms, improving both development speed and user experience.

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